source : https://lemelson.mit.edu/
The Lemelson-MIT Program (LMIT) is a national leader in advancing invention education.
LMIT has helped thousands of students and educators learn to invent and has recognized hundreds of collegiate and mid-career inventors for 25 years. Our research offers evidence that our creative, transdisciplinary problem-solving approach known as invention education helps students of all backgrounds develop interest, confidence and capabilities in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).
For centuries, human beings have been fascinated with the concept of being able to “breathe” underwater while exploring the deep blue sea. As early as the third century B.C., Aristotle is said to have made references to some type of breathing apparatus that would allow a person to stay underwater for an extended period of time.
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After years of somewhat crude inventions ranging from goggles to snorkels to 16th century “diving bells,” technology began to advance, and inventors devised equipment such as the air pump, created in 1771 by John Smeaton; a breathing belt, invented in 1825 by William James; underwater breathing systems created in 1828 by John and Charles Deane and in 1837 by Augustus Siebe; a self-contained underwater breathing unit created by Henry Fleuss in 1873; and a breathing system for the U.S. military designed by Christian Lambertson in 1939. Lambertson’s system, designed for the military’s SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) program was somewhat successful, but divers were injured or killed frequently from oxygen toxicity.
Shortly thereafter, in 1943, Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented a system that would revolutionize the world of deep-sea exploration and push diving into the mainstream, allowing people around the world to become exposed to a magical oceanic wilderness they had been unable to experience before. The system is known as the “Aqua-lung.”
Après des années d’inventions quelque peu rudimentaires allant des lunettes aux tubas en passant par les «cloches de plongée» du XVIe siècle, la technologie a commencé à progresser et les inventeurs ont conçu des équipements tels que la pompe à air, créée en 1771 par John Smeaton; une ceinture respiratoire, inventée en 1825 par William James ; les systèmes respiratoires sous-marins créés en 1828 par John et Charles Deane et en 1837 par Augustus Siebe ; une unité respiratoire sous-marine autonome créée par Henry Fleuss en 1873; et un système respiratoire pour l’armée américaine conçu par Christian Lambertson en 1939. Le système de Lambertson, conçu pour le programme militaire SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) a eu un certain succès, mais les plongeurs ont été blessés ou tués fréquemment à cause de la toxicité de l’oxygène.
Peu de temps après, en 1943, Jacques-Yves Cousteau et Emile Gagnan ont inventé un système qui révolutionnerait le monde de l’exploration en haute mer et pousserait la plongée dans le courant dominant, permettant aux gens du monde entier de s’exposer à une nature sauvage océanique magique qu’ils n’avaient pas pu à expérimenter avant. Le système est connu sous le nom d' »Aqua-poumon ».
lire la suite : https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/jacques-yves-cousteau-and-emile-gagnan
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